隨著中醫(yī)中藥的開(kāi)發(fā)和我國(guó)制藥業(yè)的發(fā)展,近幾年涌現(xiàn)出許多種新型的中藥及保健品,它們中的大部分不僅在國(guó)內(nèi)銷售,有的還遠(yuǎn)銷他國(guó),如何正確地譯好這些中藥制劑是非常重要的。下面是重慶翻譯公司收集來(lái)的比較出色的現(xiàn)行漢譯英例證。
(1) 藥劑專用詞(Medicine terms)
浸膏 extractum
氣霧劑 aerosolum
膠囊劑 capsulae
乳劑 cremer
注射劑 intejectio
滴劑 guttae
沖刺 granula; syrup; medicine to be taken after being mixed with boiling water
溶劑 liquor
丸劑 pills; tablets;Bolus; pilulae
油劑oleum
片劑 tabellae
膏藥 plaster; ointment
粉(劑)powder
煎(劑)decoction
湯(藥)decoction;compound; combination; tonic
湯劑 herb(al) soup;medicinal broth; decoction
偏方 folk prescription; traditional popular prescription
秘方 home prescription; home therapy
(2) 茶、酒(Drinks, tonic) (中文為茶,但有時(shí)與荼毫無(wú)相關(guān),應(yīng)譯為drink為妥) 如:
長(zhǎng)壽長(zhǎng)樂(lè)補(bǔ)酒 Happy Longevity Tonic
龜壽酒 Tortoise longevity Tonic
藥酒 medicated wine
花旗參速溶茶Ginseng instant tea
大寧富豪茶 Daning Deluxe Drink
蟻寶茶(Instant) Ant Essence Drink
(廣式)涼茶 herbal tea; medicinal tea
現(xiàn)在時(shí)興減肥茶(diet/slimming tea),還有各種各樣的保健茶 (tonic tea),如草藥茶(herbal tea),藥茶(medicinal tea)和美容茶 (cosmetic tea)。
(3) 素、精[Tonic,potion,extract(s), spirits, or basic elements]
烏雞精 Black-Bone Chicken Tonic
鱉精 Turtle Potions
花旗參精 Ginseng extract
蜂王精 Roy Extracts (mainly for Babies)
花旗參花粉蜂王漿Ginseng royal jelly with bee pollen
蜂王漿 Spirits of Honey
青蒿素(注射劑)Qinghaosu Intejectio
(4) 沖劑、湯、水、液或露(Granule or powder preparation dissolvable in water)。可譯為 drink, syrup, tonic, oral solution or decoction,如:
揚(yáng)子江沖劑 Yangtze Drink
板蘭根沖劑 Banlangen Drink (lsatidis tinctoria)
神奇止咳露 Shenqi Cough Syrup
芬格欣 FE—功能口服液 FE Functional Oral Tonic
美國(guó)洋參口服液 American Ginseng Oral Solution
美媛春Mei-Yuan-Chun Solution (水劑,中美合資江西普樂(lè)康保健品有限公司)
五仁露 Five Seeds Syrup
黃岑湯 Radix Scutellariate Decoction
藿香正氣水 Herbal Agastachis Syrup
(5) 洗劑、搽劑 (Lotion; liquid) (主要是外用)
膏藥 plaster
防曬油 Sunlotion
防蚊油 Mosquito Repellent Lotion
腳癬一次凈 Instant Tinea Cleaning Lotion
(6) 中藥音譯(Transliterated terms of TCM)
蛇膽川貝枇杷膏 Shedan chuanbeipipagao (廣州潘高壽藥廠生產(chǎn))
益肝靈Yiganling Tablets (北京第四制藥廠生產(chǎn))
逍遙散 Xiaoyao Powder
二陳湯 Erchen Decoction
(7) 中藥音意混譯(A combined way of translating traditional Chinese medicines)
貴州神奇(藥)Guizhou Wonder Drugs
中國(guó)藥膳 Chinese herbal cuisine; medicinal food
藥雞 medicinal (herbal) chicken (烏骨雞 black-bone chicken)
(8) 直譯(Word-for-word translalion)。有的方劑是以喻義來(lái)命名的,要按其藥理構(gòu)成起名,還得另起爐灶。到目前為止,還都是采用字面上的含義來(lái)譯,尚無(wú)更好做法。
玉屏散(或玉屏風(fēng)散)Jade Screen Powder
小青龍散 Small Blue Dragon Powder
小青龍游 Small Blue Dragun Decoction
白虎湯 White Tiger Decoction
(9) 中醫(yī)藥其他譯法(Other ways of translation)。利用中草藥制成各種各樣的劑型藥物,早已流通于市,并廣為應(yīng)用,究竟它是西藥還是中藥,還是現(xiàn)代化了的中藥呢?這里我們不加考究。但可以找到讓中藥為世界所運(yùn)用和接受的譯法。如以方劑原載典籍加所含的主要藥名來(lái)命名茯蒂丸(Pill of Poria Coccus)。
① 以所含的主要藥加上功能來(lái)命名
當(dāng)歸補(bǔ)血湯 Decoction of Angelicae Sinensis for Enriching Blood
黃連解毒湯 Decoction of Coptidis for Detoxification
復(fù)方甘草片 Tabellae Glycyrrhizae Compositae
麻黃湯 Decoction of Ephedrae
牡蠣散 Concha Ostreae Powder
益母浸膏 Extractum Leonuri
丹參注射液 Intejectio Salviae Miltiorrhizae
漢防巳甲素注射液 Intejectio Tetrandrini
② 以研制者姓名加主要藥的藥名或功能來(lái)命名
萬(wàn)氏牛黃丸 Wan's Bolus of Calculus Bovi Stone
顧母理臟湯 Gumu's Decoction for Regulating Viscera
陰虛丸 Pills for Yin Asthenia
滌痰丸 Phlegm-Eliminating Pellet
③ 以藥物產(chǎn)地來(lái)命名
天臺(tái)烏藥散 Powder of Tiantai Linderae
四磨飲 Decoction of Four-Drug juice
④ 以方劑主治病癥來(lái)命名
疝氣場(chǎng) Decoction for Hernia
消風(fēng)散 Powder for Dispersing Wind-Evil
⑤ 以方劑的形狀、顏色來(lái)命名
紫雪丹 Purple-Snow Pellet
⑥ 以所含藥物數(shù)加方劑的功能來(lái)譯
五味消毒飲 Decoction of Five Drugs for Antiphlogosis
五仁丸 Bolus Containing Five Seeds
六一散 Six-to-One Powder
六味地黃丸 Pill of Six Drugs Containing Rehmanniae Praeparata
六君子湯(Decoction Containing Six Mild Drugs)。還有把六君子湯譯成 Six Gentlemen Decoction 和 Six Noble Decoction 的,這是按字面上的意思所譯,是不貼切的。實(shí)際上六君子湯中含有六味藥,而此六味藥都藥性平和,宜譯成mild drugs,使西方人容易理解。